Article Sidebar

Submitted
November 25, 2023
Accepted
December 29, 2023
Published
December 31, 2023
Download
DOWNLOAD PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 120 Download : 80

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study examines the impact of service motivation as a mediating variable for self-efficacy, competence and organizational commitment on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus. A random sampling approach was used to randomly select 209 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data. SEM-PLS with structural equation modelling (SEM) was used for data analysis. Service motivation is the most dominant variable in influencing performance. It is recommended for policy makers to motivate the State Civil Service Apparatus in terms of carrying out their work, having good health in carrying out their duties, having more confidence, having high integrity, being skilled in carrying out tasks, being able to adapt to colleagues well. Furthermore, it is also necessary to increase the role of self-efficacy, competence, training, and commitment from the organization, so that all supporting components to improve performance can go hand in hand for the progress of the organization.


JEL CLASSIFICATION: M50, O15

Keywords

Self-Efficacy Competence Organizational Commitment Service Motivation Employee Performance

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Strategic Management Business Journal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Dewi Suma, Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia

Management

Budi Alamsyah Siregar, Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia

Management

How to Cite
Suma, D., & Siregar, B. A. (2023). PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION AS AN INTERVENTION VARIABLE OF SELF-EFFICACY, COMPETENCE, AND ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT ON STATE APPARATUS PERFORMANCE. Strategic Management Business Journal, 3(02), 256–276. https://doi.org/10.55751/smbj.v3i02.79
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Ahmad, D. R. I. 2020. Manajemen Strategis. Makassar: Nas Media Pustaka
  2. Alifia, M. 2021. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Dinas Penanaman dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Pangkep. 7, 6
  3. Arista, D. W., & Kurnia, M. 2019. Pengaruh Motivasi, Employee Engagement, dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Empiris pada Taman Kyai Langgeng Kota Magelang)”. Prosiding 2nd Business and Economics Conference in Utilizing of Modern Technology, 519– 528
  4. Agnoli, Sergio, Laura Franchin, Enrico Rubaltelli, & Giovanni Emanuele Corazza. 2019. How Do You Manage Evaluation? Attentive and Affective Constituents of Creative Performance Under Perceived Frustration or Success. The Palgrave Handbook of Social Creativity Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95498-1_15.
  5. Bandura, Albert, W. H. Freeman, & Richard Lightsey. 1999. “Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control.” Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158.
  6. Blegur, Jusuf, Aniq Hudiyah Bil Haq, & Muya Barida. 2021. “Exploring Goal–Setting Strategies of Prospective Physical Education Teachers to Maintain Academic Performance.” AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan 13 (1): 473–84. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i1.539.
  7. Chan, Vanessa Hiu Ying, Dickson K.W. Chiu, & Kevin K.W. Ho. 2022. “Mediating Effects on the Relationship between Perceived Service Quality and Public Library App Loyalty during the COVID-19 Era.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 67 (February): 102960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.102960.
  8. Charoensukmongkol, Peerayuth, & Arti Pandey. 2022. “The Flexibility of Salespeople and Management Teams: How They Interact and Influence Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Asia Pacific Management Review, no. xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2022.07.001.
  9. Chen, Xiao, Gary P. Latham, Ronald F. Piccolo, & Guy Itzchakov. 2021. “An Enumerative Review and a Meta-Analysis of Primed Goal Effects on Organizational Behavior.” Applied Psychology 70 (1): 216–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12239.
  10. Chen, Y. (2020). Correlation between self-efficacy & english performance. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15 (8), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJET.V15I08.13697
  11. Choi, Suk Bong, S. M.Ebrahim Ullah, & Seung Wan Kang. 2021. “Proactive Personality and Creative Performance: Mediating Roles of Creative Self-Efficacy and Moderated Mediation Role of Psychological Safety.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13 (22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212517.
  12. Choi, Woo-Sung, Seung-Wan Kang, & Suk Bong Choi. 2021. “Innovative Behavior in the Workplace: An Empirical Study of Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Efficacy, Perceived Organizational Support, and Leader–Member Exchange.” Behavioral Sciences 11 (12): 182.
  13. Coun, Martine (M J.H.)., Pascale (C P.). Peters, & Rob (R J.). Blomme. 2019. “‘Let’s Share!’ The Mediating Role of Employees’ Self-Determination in the Relationship between Transformational and Shared Leadership and Perceived Knowledge Sharing among Peers.” European Management Journal 37 (4): 481–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.12.001.
  14. Darmawan, D. 2020. Analisis Variabel Komitmen Organisasi, Iklim Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja dan Etos Kerja yang Memengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kajian Strategi Manajemen, 4(1).
  15. Demirkol, Ismail Cenk. 2021. “Predictors of Job Satisfaction among Police Officers: A Test of Goal-Setting Theory.” Police Practice and Research 22 (1): 324–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1749618.
  16. Desta, Abel Gebremedhn, Work Mekonnen Tadesse, & Wubshet Bekalu Mulusew. 2022. “Aspects of Human Capital Management and Employee Job Performance: The Mediation Role of Employee Engagement.” International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management 17 (3): 31–48.
  17. Dwiyanti, I. A. K. A., & Bagia, I. W. 2020. Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja. Prospek: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 2(2), 130– 138.
  18. Edison, Emron., dkk. 2016 Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bandung Alfabeta
  19. Fahmi, I. 2015. Manajemen sumber daya manusia teori dan aplikasi. Bandung: Alfabeta
  20. Fan, Shiqi, & Zaili Yang. 2023. “Analysing Seafarer Competencies in a Dynamic Human-Machine System.” Ocean and Coastal Management 240 (January): 106662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106662.
  21. García-Villaverde, Pedro M., Job Rodrigo-Alarcón, Maria Jose Ruiz-Ortega, & Gloria Parra-Requena. 2018. “The Role of Knowledge Absorptive Capacity on the Relationship between Cognitive Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Orientation.” Journal of Knowledge Management 22 (5): 1015–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-07-2017-0304.
  22. Ghozali, Imam. 2019. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Semarang: UNDIP
  23. Giancola, Marco, Massimiliano Palmiero, Laura Piccardi, & Simonetta D’amico. 2022. “The Relationships between Cognitive Styles and Creativity: The Role of Field Dependence-Independence on Visual Creative Production.” Behavioral Sciences 12 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070212.
  24. Gkizani, Anna Maria, & Michael Galanakis. 2022. “Goal Setting Theory in Contemporary Businesses: A Systematic Review.” Psychology 13 (03): 420–26. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2022.133028.
  25. Goetz, Nicolas, & Andreas Wald. 2022. “Similar but Different? The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Person-Job Fit on Individual Performance in the Continuum between Permanent and Temporary Organizations.” International Journal of Project Management 40 (3): 251–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.03.001.
  26. Hai, Shenyang, & In Jo Park. 2021. The Accelerating Effect of Intrinsic Motivation and Trust toward Supervisor on Helping Behavior Based on the Curvilinear Model among Hotel Frontline Employees in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 47 (March): 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.02.009.
  27. Hair, J.P., Black, J.L., Babin, J.P., & Anderson, R.E. 2019. Multivariate Data Analysis, Eighth Edition. Harlow: Cengage Learning.
  28. Haryono Siswoyo. 2017. Metode SEM untuk Penelitian Manajemen AMOS, LISREL, PLS, PT. Luxima Metro Media.
  29. Haldorai, Kavitha, Woo Gon Kim, & R. L.Fernando Garcia. 2022. “Top Management Green Commitment and Green Intellectual Capital as Enablers of Hotel Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Human Resource Management.” Tourism Management 88 (January 2021): 104431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104431.
  30. Rosna Ros Hayati, Niha Simon Sia, Manafe Henny A., 2022. Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Suatu Kajian Studi Literatur Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia).
  31. Hodgkinson, Ian R., Paul Hughes, Zoe Radnor, & Russ Glennon. 2018. “Affective Commitment within the Public Sector: Antecedents and Performance Outcomes between Ownership Types.” Public Management Review 20 (12): 1872–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1444193.
  32. Hidayat, R. 2021. Pengaruh Motivasi, Kompetensi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja. Jurnal Sekretari dan Manajemen, Vol. 5, No.1, Hlmn: 16-23. ISSN: 2550-0791
  33. Hikmah Ana Nailul, 2020. Pengaruh Reward dan Efikasi Diri terhadap Kinerja Dimediasi Variabel Motivasi (Studi Empiris Karyawan Bank BTPN Probolinggo). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang, Vol. 5, No. 2.
  34. Hwang, Ming Yueh, Jon Chao Hong, Kai Hsin Tai, Jiun Ting Chen, & Timothy Gouldthorp. 2020. “The Relationship between the Online Social Anxiety, Perceived Information Overload and Fatigue, and Job Engagement of Civil Servant LINE Users.” Government Information Quarterly 37 (1): 101423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101423.
  35. Hwang, Younghui. 2021. “The Relationship between Self-Directed Learning and Problem-Solving Ability : The Mediating Role of Academic Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning among Nursing Students.”
  36. Idris, Idris, Achmad Suyuti, Ahmad Sani Supriyanto, & Nanang As. 2022. “Transformational Leadership, Political Skill, Organizational Culture, and Employee Performance: A Case From Tourism Company in Indonesia.” Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites 40 (1): 104–10. https://doi.org/10.30892/GTG.40112-808.
  37. Iskamto, Dedi. 2021. “Stress and Its Impact on Employee Performance.” International Journal of Social and Management Studies (Ijosmas) 03 (02): 142–48.
  38. Itzchakov, Guy, & Gary P. Latham. 2020. “The Moderating Effect of Performance Feedback and the Mediating Effect of Self-Set Goals on the Primed Goal-Performance Relationship.” Applied Psychology 69 (2): 379–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12176.
  39. Kang, Eungoo. 2020. “The Relationship between Reinforcement of Employee’s Customer-Centric Behavior and Employee Motivation Factors.” Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7 (7): 338–47. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.8640.
  40. Kang, Eungoo, & Hyoyoung Lee. 2021. “Employee Compensation Strategy as Sustainable Competitive Advantage for Hr Education Practitioners.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13 (3): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031049.
  41. Kanwal, Fouzia, Chunyong Tang, Atiq Ur Rehman, Tehmina Kanwal, & Sayed Muhammad Fawad Sharif. 2019. “Knowledge Absorptive Capacity and Project Innovativeness: The Moderating Role of Internal and External Social Capital.” Knowledge Management Research and Practice 00 (00): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1785960.
  42. Krisnawati, K.D., Bagia, I.W., 2021. Pengaruh Kompetensi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen, Vol. 7 No. 1.
  43. Khaerana, K. 2020. Pengaruh Self Efficacy terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Sekretariat Komisi Pemilihan Umum Daerah (KPUD) Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Jurnal Ecoment Global, 5 (1), 80. https://doi.org/10.35908/jeg.v5i1.835
  44. Kim, Keunjae, & Kyungbin Kwon. 2023. “Exploring the AI Competencies of Elementary School Teachers in South Korea.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 4 (September 2022): 100137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100137.
  45. Kurniawaty, A., Aprianto, R., Elfiana, D., Santia, Y., Bina, U., & Lubuklinggau, I. 2022. Pengaruh kompetensi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai di dinas perpustakaan dan kearsipan kota lubuklinggau. 535–545
  46. Kuo, Nien Te, Yi Sung Cheng, Kuo Chien Chang, & Shih Ming Hu. 2021. “How Social Capital Affects Support Intention: The Mediating Role of Place Identity.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 46 (November 2020): 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.11.005.
  47. Latham, Gary P., & Edwin A. Locke. 2006. “Enhancing the Benefits and Overcoming the Pitfalls of Goal Setting.” Organizational Dynamics 35 (4): 332–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2006.08.008.
  48. Latham, Gary, Gerard Seijts, & John Slocum. 2016. “The Goal Setting and Goal Orientation Labyrinth: Effective Ways for Increasing Employee Performance.” Organizational Dynamics 45 (4): 271–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.10.001.
  49. Lestari, Ade Arma, Agusdin, & Hermanto. 2022. “International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding Perceived Organizational Support , Self-Efficacy , and Transformational Leadership Affect Change Readiness.” International of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 2: 313–23.
  50. Lestariningsih, Marsudi, Lydia Goenadhi, Achmad Mohyi, M Jihadi, Susi Desmaryani, & Hadion Wijoyo. 2021. “The Effect Of Self-Efficacy, Work Motivation On Job Satisfaction And Employee
  51. Litsardopoulos, Nicholas, George Saridakis, & Chris Hand. 2021. “Does the Accumulation of Self-Employment Experience Impact Life Satisfaction?” Journal of Business Venturing Insights 16 (April): e00259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00259.
  52. Liu, Xinqiao, Xinyu Ji, & Yifan Zhang. 2023. “Trajectories of College Students’ General Self-Efficacy, the Related Predictors, and Depression: A Piecewise Growth Mixture Modeling Approach.” Heliyon 9 (5): e15750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15750.
  53. Lunenburg, F. C. 2011. Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15, 1-6
  54. Locke, Edwin A., & Gary P. Latham. 2020. “Building a Theory by Induction: The Example of Goal Setting Theory.” Organizational Psychology Review 10 (3–4): 223–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386620921931.
  55. Locke, Edwin A., & Kaspar Schattke. 2019. “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: Time for Expansion and Clarification.” Motivation Science 5 (4): 277–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000116.
  56. Locke, Edwin, & Gary P. Latham. 2019. “Reply to Commentaries on ‘The Development of Goal Setting Theory: A Half Century Retrospective’.” Motivation Science 5 (2): 114–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000145.
  57. Loomba, Arvinder P.S., & Rex Karsten. 2019. “Self-Efficacy’s Role in Success of Quality Training Programmes.” Industrial and Commercial Training 51 (1): 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-06-2018-0058.
  58. Mangkunegara, Prabu. 2016. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Perusahaan Erlangga
  59. Maryani, Yani, Mohammad Entang, & Martinus Tukiran. 2021. “The Relationship between Work Motivation, Work Discipline and Employee Performance at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor City (Disiplin Kerja).” International Journal of Social and Management Studies (IJOSMAS) 02 No. 02 (02): 1–16.
  60. Muslu, Aziz. 2022. “Professional Commitment Levels of Officer Class Y Generation Seafarers.” SAGE Open 12 (2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221089972.
  61. Mulyani, M., & Rozak, H. A. (2022). Effect Of Competence, Training And Motivation On Employee Performance (Studi At Pt. Ace Hardware, Tbk, Semarang).Jurnal Ekonomi,11(02), 913–919
  62. Mulang, H. 2022. Analysis of The Effect of Organizational Justice, Worklife Balance on Employee Engagement and Turnover Intention. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(2), 86–97.
  63. Nguyen, Mai Anh Thi, Hui Lei, Khoa Dinh Vu, & Phong Ba Le. 2019. “The Role of Cognitive Proximity on Supply Chain Collaboration for Radical and Incremental Innovation: A Study of a Transition Economy.” Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing 34 (3): 591–604. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-07-2017-0163.
  64. Nugraha, I. G. B. S. M., Sitiari, N. W., & Yasa, P. N. S. (2021). Mediation Effect of Work Motivation on Relationship of Soft Skill and Hard Skill on Employee Performance in Denpasar Marthalia Skincare Clinical.Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis JAGADITHA,8(2), 136–145
  65. Pallawagau, A. (2021). The Impact of Organizational Culture and Work Motivation on Employee Performance Through Employee Job Satisfaction PT. Kasmar Tiar Raya.International Journal of Economics, Management, Business, and Social Science (IJEMBIS),1(1), 11–21
  66. Pancasila Irwan, Haryono Siswoyo, Sullistyo Beni Agus. 2020. Effect of Work Motivation and Leadership toward Work Satisfaction Employee Performance: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, Vol. 7, No. 6, h. 387-397
  67. Pardamean Nelson, 2022. Peran Mediasi Motivasi Kerja pada Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Peternakan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan.
  68. Pasae, Panus, Izaac L D Lawalata, Muhammad Ashary Anshar, Afiah Mukhtar, Andi Makkulawu, & Panyiwi Kessi. 2021. “The Influence of Human Resource Competence Factors on Employee Work Performance.” Point of View Research Management 2 (3): 151–60.
  69. Pekkala, Kaisa, & Ward van Zoonen. 2022. “Work-Related Social Media Use: The Mediating Role of Social Media Communication Self-Efficacy.” European Management Journal 40 (1): 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.03.004.
  70. Pervaiz, Sabeeh, Guohao Li, & Qi He. 2021. “The Mechanism of Goal-Setting Participation’s Impact on Employees’ Proactive Behavior, Moderated Mediation Role of Power Distance.” PLoS ONE 16 (12 December): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260625.
  71. Prayogi, M. Andi, L. Siregar, M.T. Hakim, L. 2019. Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Prosiding, Hlmn: 665- 670. ISSN: 2656- 6362.
  72. Pusztai, Gabriella & Cintia Csók. 2020. “Ambivalence of Professional Socialization in Social and Educational Professions.” Social Sciences 9 (8). https://doi.org/10.3390/SOCSCI9080147.
  73. Purba, D. C., Lengkong, V. P. K., & Loindong, S. 2019. Analisis pengaruh kepuasan kerja, motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada perusahaan umum percetakan negara republik indonesia cabang manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 7(1).
  74. Rahmawati, Rini, Raden Andi SULARSO, Arnis Budi SUSANTO, & Handriyono Handriyono. 2021. “Determinants of Competency, Work Behavior and Work Effectiveness of Government Apparatus: A Case Study in Indonesia.” The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 8 (5): 211–19. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no5.0211.
  75. Rahmi, F. (2020). Pengaruh Efikasi Diri, Kepemimpinan, Motivasi dan Fasilitas Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Pekanbaru Senapelan JMB (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis), 2 (1), 56–62.
  76. Rajapakshe, W. (2021). The Impact of Academic Procrastination, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation on Academic Performance: Among Undergraduates in Non-State Universities in Sri Lanka. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 14 (3), 25 – 38. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2021/v14i330356
  77. Ribeiro, Neuza, Daniel Gomes, & Shaji Kurian. 2018. “Authentic Leadership and Performance: The Mediating Role of Employees’ Affective Commitment.” Social Responsibility Journal 14 (1): 213–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-06-2017-0111.
  78. Rembet, Gielhan Abraham. Achmad Firdiansjah& Sutriswanto. 2020. The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Employee Engagement towards Employee Performance through Organization Citizenship Behaviors. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre) DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2020.33869 E-ISSN : 2454-8006 Volume 6, Issue 9 September – 2020
  79. Revita, N. 2019. Hubungan Self-Efficacy (Efikasi Diri) Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas VII SMPN 1 Tanah Putih”. Skripsi, Universitas Islam Riau. Doctoral dissertation. Universitas Islam Riau
  80. Ribeiro, Neuza, İlhami Yücel, & Daniel Gomes. 2018. “How Transformational Leadership Predicts Employees’ Affective Commitment and Performance.” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 67 (9): 1901–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-09-2017-0229.
  81. Roe, Robert A. 2002. “What Makes a Competent Psychologist?” European Psychologist 7 (3): 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.7.3.192.
  82. Sadat, P. A., Handayani, S., & Kurniawan, M. (2020). Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Inovator, 9(1),
  83. Satria Mohammad Yofi, 2022. Pangaruh Self Efficacy terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Motivasi sebagai Variabel Mediasi di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan dan Keuangan (Mankeu) Vol. 11 No. 03.
  84. Sellang Kamaruddin. 2019. Strategi Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik, Dimensi, Konsep, Indikator dan Implementasinya. CV. Penerbit Qiara Media.
  85. Setyaningsih, Sri, & Widodo Sunaryo. 2021. “Optimizing Transformational Leadership Strengthening, Self-Efficacy, and Job Satisfaction to Increase Teacher Commitment.” International Journal of Instruction 14 (4): 427–38. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14425a.
  86. Siregar, B. A. (2022). KEPEMIMPINAN & BUDAYA ORGANISASI. CV. AZKA PUSTAKA.
  87. Siregar, B. A., & Nasution, A. I. (2023). THE EFFECT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND INCREMENTAL INNOVATION WITH INTERNAL MOTIVATION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN THE DISTRICT LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES DEPARTMENT DELI SERDANG. Strategic Management Business Journal, 3(01), 174-181.
  88. Sugiyono. 2019. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alphabet
  89. Sungu, Lincoln Jisuvei, Qingxiong Weng, & Xiaohong Xu. 2019. “Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: Examining the Moderating Roles of Occupational Commitment and Transformational Leadership.” International Journal of Selection and Assessment 27 (3): 280–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12256.
  90. Susanto, B. (2016). Total Quality Management, Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja, Penghargaan dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Bisnis Ekonomi, 14(1), 76–83.
  91. Sulantara, I. M., Mareni, P. K., Sapta, I. K. S., & Suryani, N. K. (2020). The Effect of Leadership Style and Competence on Employee Performance.European Journal of Business and Management Research,5(5), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.5.494
  92. Swanson, Eric, Sally Kim, Sae Mi Lee, Jae Jang Yang, & Yong Ki Lee. 2020. “The Effect of Leader Competencies on Knowledge Sharing and Job Performance: Social Capital Theory.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 42 (December 2018): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.11.004.
  93. Xie, Baoguo, Wenxia Zhou, Jason L. Huang, & Mian Xia. 2017. “Using Goal Facilitation Theory to Explain the Relationships between Calling and Organization-Directed Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 100: 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.001.